تشجيع الشركات في النظام الصناعي على التعاون مع الشركات الرائدة في ثلاثة ممرات الابتكار العلمي والتكنولوجي ، بما في ذلك G60 ، مفتاح مؤسسات البحث والتطوير ، ومواصلة السماح للابتكار يؤدي الشركات لاستكمال التحول والارتقاء ، وتحقيق التحول من الصناعات التقليدية ، والطاقة الحركية الجديدة ، وتطوير صناعات جديدة.The number of novellas is not very large, and the quality is not outstanding, some of which are unknown. But since 1979, novellas have emerged as a rising force. The reason for this is that it has a greater space and more possibilities in reflecting life and depicting characters. And our writers, due to their solid life experience and solid artistic reserves, need to use the form of novellas to express their feelings. In this sense, the rise of novellas in the new era can be said to be timely and truly a time of great turbulence.
Due to their abundant accumulation and preparedness, “returnee” writers have demonstrated unique advantages in the creation of novellas. Representative works of writers include Wang Meng’s “Butterfly”, Cong Weixi’s “Red Jade Orchid under the Great Wall”, Lu Yanzhou’s “Legend of Tianyun Mountain”, Zhang Yigong’s “The Story of the Prisoner Li Tongzhong”, Zong Pu’s “Three Lives Stone”, Zhang Xianliang’s “Green Tree”, etc. The protagonists in these works have a close connection between their personal fate and the fate of the times, and can be regarded as “typical characters in typical environments”. The writers of “educated youth literature” followed closely and also demonstrated their skills in the creation of medium length novels, thus establishing their initial literary status. Representative works of writers include Wang Anyi’s “Passing Away”, Jia Pingwa’s “January of the twelfth lunar month”, Lu Yao’s “Life”, Zhang Chengzhi’s “Black Steed”, Liang Xiaosheng’s “Tonight is a Storm”, Tie Ning’s “Red Shirt without Buttons”, and so on. The attention of military literature in the new era is also focused on the creation of novellas, such as Deng Youmei’s “Chasing the Female Soldiers in the Team”, Li Cunbao’s “Wreath under the Mountain”, Zhu Sujin’s “Glancing Eyes”, Liu Zhaolin’s “Ah, the Gunshots of the Soren River”, and so on.
Compared to short stories, medium length novels have greater space and certain advantages in expressing life feelings and showcasing artistic talent, making them a popular genre of fiction for young writers to try. This has also led to some young writers emerging and some creative tendencies breaking through the ground. At that time, the young writer Mo Yan became a popular writer of his time through two novellas, “Transparent Carrot” and “Red Sorghum”. At that time, the tendencies of “avant-garde novels,” “root seeking literature,” and “new realism” were also masterpieces of medium length novels, which left a deep impression and attracted widespread attention. Representative works of writers include Ma Yuan’s “The Temptation of Gangdise”, Su Tong’s “A Group of Wives and Concubines”, Ge Fei’s “The Brown Birds”, Acheng’s “The Chess King”, Han Shaogong’s “Dad Dad”, Chi Li’s “Troubled Life”, Fang Fang’s “Landscape”, Liu Heng’s “Fuxi Fuxi”, and so on.
Long Novel: Interpreting Typical Texts of the Era
If the beginning of the new era was preceded by short stories, and the 1980s saw the rise of medium length novels, then the 1990s were the flourishing of long novels. The annual production of long novels was around 100 in the 1980s, and since the 1990s, it has increased by about 100 per year. By the end of the 20th century,.The annual production has reached over 1000 units. Behind the significant development of long novels, there are factors of commercial operation intervention, as well as reasons why both authors and readers value long novels more and regard them as the main symbol of literary creation achievements. In short, driven by various factors, novels have maintained a steady development trend.
The influential works in the creation of long novels mainly focus on two types of themes: one is to confront the reality of the reform era, and the other includes historical themes from ancient and modern times. In terms of realistic themes, influential works include Zhou Keqin’s “Xu Mao and His Daughters”, Li Guowen’s “Spring in Winter”, Zhang Jie’s “Heavy Wings”, and so on. In terms of historical themes, there are Yao Xueyin’s “Li Zicheng” and Ling Li’s “Star Grass”.
In 1982, the Mao Dun Literature Award was established based on Mao Dun’s posthumous wishes and donated manuscript fees, which played an important role and significance in the development of long novels. That is, long novels have the highest award in the country, and whether they can win the award has become an important indicator of a writer’s creative level and achievements. The Mao Dun Literature Award, which was launched in 1982, has been awarded 9 times with a pace of selecting 4 or 5 works each time, and has recognized 44 works. It cannot be said that there are no regrets about the selection of this award, but objectively speaking, the award-winning works are generally selected and outstanding works from different periods, reflecting the development status and artistic level of long novels since the new era.
Observing the creation of long novels based on the award-winning works of Mao Dun Literature Award, it can be said that among the diverse themes and writing styles, there are more excellent works in the writing of family history themes and realistic themes, which have also had a significant impact on the literary world both inside and outside. In terms of family history themes, Chen Zhongshi’s “White Deer Plain” and Alai’s “Dust Settles” have been regarded as classic works of contemporary novels due to their rich ideological connotations and exquisite artistic expression. In terms of realistic themes, Lu Yao’s “Ordinary World”, Zhang Ping’s “Choice”, Jia Pingwa’s “Qin Opera Opera”, Zhou Daxin’s “Scenery of Lakes and Mountains”, Liu Xinglong’s “Skywalker”, Li Peifu’s “Book of Life”, Ge Fei’s “Jiangnan Trilogy”, Liu Zhenyun’s “One sentence is worth ten thousand sentences”, Zhang Wei’s “You are on the Plateau”, etc., all with unique life implication and unique artistic perspective, make the works bear distinctive artistic marks of different writers, and make the works become a typical text to interpret this era.
Online novels: diverse types, wide audience
Based on online information platforms, online novels have emerged in the late 1990s and have undergone a period of exploration and accumulation. In the new century, they have continuously evolved towards typification, found suitable paths, and achieved great development. Today, they have evolved into a super literary section with numerous types, rich works, and a wide audience. While constantly striving for progress, they have also contributed to the overall development.Literature brings various influences.
Type literature can be divided into two major tendencies based on its writing orientation. One is fictional creation, including science fiction, fantasy, martial arts, xianxia, time travel, and fictional works; One is realistic creation, including workplace, urban, campus, romance, marriage, military, history, espionage, etc. Among these large genres, there will also be small classifications, which makes the types of online novels diverse and constantly evolving.
The most influential works in online novels mainly focus on fictional writing. Among them, science fiction novels have achieved higher literary success, with representative works such as Liu Cixin’s “The Three Body Problem” and Wang Jinkang’s “Heavenly Father and Earthly Mother”. Due to the alliance with games, anime and other forms, fantasy works are often adapted and have the greatest impact. Such writers’ works include Tang Jia San Shao’s “Douluo Continent”, Tian Can Tudou’s “Dou Po Cang Qi”, I Eat Tomatoes’ “Star Transformation”, Xiao Ding’s “Zhu Xian” and so on. And some historical novels about the harem, due to the author’s successful adaptation of traditional literary elements in film and television, have also gained widespread fame, such as Liu Lianzi’s “The Story of Empress Zhen Huan”, Tonghua’s “Scarlet Heart”, Haiyan’s “Nirvana in Fire”, Jiang Shengnan’s “The Story of Mi Yue”, and so on.
Compared to online novels, there are not many works with real-life themes and their quality is average. However, this “heavy headed” state has also changed in recent years. Previously, it was difficult to find significant real-life works in online novels, but in recent years, the number of real-life works has gradually increased and their quality has significantly improved. Representative works include Ah Long’s “The Road to Revival”, Qi Cheng’s “Heavy Industry of the Great Nation”, Guo Yu and Liu Bo’s “The Legend of Internet Heroes”, and so on. The information brought to people by these works is gratifying, that is, online novel writing can also make a difference in real-life themes, and it is already poised to take off.
(Author: Bai Ye, a researcher at the Institute of Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)