Recently, the “Measures for the Administration of National Cultural and Ecological Protected Areas” (hereinafter referred to as the “Administrative Measures”) promulgated by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism clearly stated that various forms of tourism activities such as cultural sightseeing tours, cultural experience tours and cultural leisure tours should be carried out based on the unique cultural and ecological resources in the cultural and ecological protected areas.
Before the promulgation of the Administrative Measures, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has successively announced 21 national-level cultural and ecological protection experimental zones, and many explorations and practices have been carried out in each experimental zone. Relevant experts said that under the background of deep integration of culture and tourism, 21 national-level cultural and ecological protection experimental zones can completely become the pioneering areas for the integration and development of cultural and tourism, and promote the cultural and ecological protection and the development of tourism industry to coexist and blend with each other.
Protecting and upgrading tourism helps “Administrative Measures” put forward that it not only protects intangible cultural heritage, but also protects the human and natural environment that breeds the development of intangible cultural heritage, and achieves the goal of “rich heritage, strong atmosphere, distinctive features and benefits for the people”.
“Intangible cultural heritage is a living collective practice rooted in social humanities and natural ecological environment in a specific region. If you lose a specific environment, you will lose the space and soil on which you live. ” Yin Hongmei, dean of the School of International Tourism and Culture of Guizhou Normal University, believes that “the promulgation of the Administrative Measures marks that the state’s management of intangible cultural heritage has changed from project-based, single-based to holistic, which is not only an update of management thinking, but also a leap in governance, which is of great significance for protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritage, promoting excellent traditional culture and promoting the integration and development of cultural tourism.”
Zhang Rouran, a lecturer at the School of Tourism and Service of Nankai University, said that at present, the declaration and management of world material cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage are separated, and the international community is actively exploring the combination of the two.
The Administrative Measures emphasizes that “the physical objects and places closely related to intangible cultural heritage are well preserved and utilized, and the natural ecological environment around them can provide benign development space for intangible cultural heritage”, which is conducive to the integrated management of cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage and has international foresight.
Talking about the impetus that tourism will inject into the construction of national cultural and ecological protection zones, Li Xinjian, a member of the 13th Five-Year Plan Expert Committee of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and a professor of beijing international studies university Tourism Management College, said that the greatest significance of tourism for the protection of intangible cultural heritage is to bring continuous passenger flow and continuously inject the vitality of modern society into non-genetic inheritance. The best way to combine the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage with tourism is to introduce non-genetic inheritors and their works into tourist attractions and tourist characteristic towns, which will not only make intangible cultural heritage more visible to the public, but also bring new attractions to these tourist spaces.
Guo Na, a doctor in china tourism academy, believes that tourism development can promote the excavation of intangible value..Some intangible cultural heritage can be transformed into cultural tourism products, and developers actively pay attention to cultural taste and intangible cultural heritage protection, which is objectively beneficial to the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage; Tourism development develops resources with high cultural value into tourism products, which produces economic benefits and then provides financial guarantee for intangible cultural heritage protection.
Explore the integration of first try and first try
The promulgation of the “Administrative Measures” is a summary and sublimation of the practical experience of the cultural and ecological protection experimental area. It is reported that up to now, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has approved the establishment of 21 national-level cultural and ecological protection experimental zones, and 146 provincial-level cultural and ecological protection zones with distinctive characteristics have also been established in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). There are many good experiences and practices in various places, including many exploration and practice of the integration of literature and tourism.
The rap culture (Baofeng) ecological protection experimental zone was established in Baofeng County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province in January 2017. According to the person in charge of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Department of Henan Culture and Tourism Department, Baofeng County is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, with rich cultural heritage resources. The local government actively promotes the integration of cultural tourism and sets up intangible cultural heritage pavilions to inject more attractive cultural content into the tourism industry; Support rural exhibition halls and workshops to improve quality and enrich rural tourism content; Combine the protection of intangible heritage with the rural revitalization strategy and the construction of characteristic towns, so that tourists can get various experiences; Organize non-genetic inheritors and non-legacy projects to perform in scenic spots, support characteristic non-legacy products to enter scenic spots and hotels, and meet the shopping needs of tourists.
Wuling Mountain (Xiangxi) Tujia and Miao Cultural Ecological Protection Experimental Zone is located in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province. The relevant person in charge of the Cultural Heritage Section of Xiangxi Wenguang New Bureau introduced that since its establishment in May 2010, the experimental area has insisted on closely combining the protection of intangible heritage with the development of cultural tourism and precise poverty alleviation. Vigorously carry out traditional ethnic festivals, focusing on supporting Tujia Sheba Day and Miao Catch the Autumn Festival. Implement the traditional craft revitalization plan, establish the Xiangxi traditional craft workstation, build the traditional craft revitalization platform, and promote the integration of intangible cultural heritage into life.
The experimental zone for ecological protection of marine fishery culture (Xiangshan) is located in Xiangshan County, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, and was listed as a national experimental zone for cultural and ecological protection in June 2010. According to the relevant person in charge of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center of Xiangshan County, Xiangshan County regards “marine fishing culture” as a city business card and integrates it into various fields such as rural revitalization, tourism development and urban construction. Xiangshan county actively restores non-legacy blocks, builds non-legacy museums, sets up non-legacy study houses and productive protection bases, and carries out national and folk traditional festivals. On the one hand, it vigorously expands the space for non-legacy transmission, on the other hand, it transforms non-legacy resources into tourism products to meet the needs of tourists.
Qiandongnan experimental zone for ethnic cultural and ecological protection was established in 2012. Yin Hongmei introduced that over the years, the experimental area has innovated the concept of “national culture+”and promoted regional cultural resources with the guidance of scientific, reasonable and sustainable industrialization transformation..Branding and capitalization have fully demonstrated the original multi-ethnic traditional culture in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou in many fields and at many levels, promoted the integration and development of cultural tourism, formed a pillar industry, and realized benefiting the people and enriching the people.
Develop moderately and keep the bottom line
Regarding how to better implement the Administrative Measures and further keep the bottom line of cultural and ecological protection, Yin Hongmei suggested that we should systematically study the internal mechanism of the protection of intangible heritage and the construction of protected areas, further build a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system, and accurately evaluate the survival state, social value, economic value and protection effect of heritage resources; It is necessary to reasonably distinguish the protection levels, clarify the main body of resource management, and formulate regulations on zoning and classification management; It is necessary to strengthen the protection and support for inheritors, improve the degree of public participation, and increase their sense of acquisition, happiness and security.
Zhang Rouran believes that in the process of implementation, the Administrative Measures should emphasize the integrated development of material heritage and intangible heritage, emphasize the main role of local residents, and combine cultural ecological protection with natural ecological protection, overall protection with key protection; According to different types of intangible cultural heritage, targeted measures should be taken to realize the integration and development of various intangible cultural heritage and material cultural heritage; We should give consideration to protection and sustainable utilization, and develop cultural tourism and eco-tourism; It is necessary to properly handle the problem of cross-administrative regional management system in protected areas and coordinate all relevant parties to participate in protection management.
Li Xinjian believes that the inheritors of these intangible cultural heritages should be regarded as the main body of development rather than the carrier of resources in tourism development in protected areas; Instead of protecting intangible cultural heritage in closed mode, we should integrate these heritages into modern people’s internal experience pursuit and tourism life.
The person in charge of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Department of Henan Department of Culture and Tourism said that in the process of tourism development of intangible resources, attention should be paid to protecting the authenticity of the intangible environment, advocating keeping pace with the times in its authenticity, and not changing its taste to cater to tourism development.
The relevant person in charge of the Cultural Heritage Section of Xiangxi Wenguang New Bureau also said that intangible heritage cannot be separated from people’s production and life, and indigenous people should not be moved out, and homogenized businesses should be filled in, becoming the same “ancient city”. The person in charge of Xiangshan County Intangible Heritage Protection Center said that it is necessary to mobilize the participation of the masses in the protection and development of cultural ecology. (Wang Yang Li Zhigang Guo Ziteng)