As a folk customs project, the Yangfu Ye beliefs and customs of Dongtou, Cangnan and Wencheng in Wenzhou City were selected into the fifth batch of intangible cultural heritage list of Wenzhou City. Yang Fu Ye belief and customs is the most influential folk customs in southern Zhejiang, and it is also one of the most famous folk gods in the southeast coast of our country, with more than 500 temples enshrined, and the people of faith and customs are all over Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and even Southeast Asia, and its influence is second only to the goddess Mazu of the sea. Yang Fuye’s beliefs and customs, as a relic of marine culture, have been passed down to this day.
The Tang Dynasty began to legend
As a local character god, his real name is Yang Jingyi, the word Zhichen, his ancestral home is Linhai, Zhejiang, a native of the Tang Dynasty, born in 644 in Changfenxi Village, Angu County, according to research, Changfenxi Village used to belong to Jishan Township, Ruian County, and now belongs to Bishan Dutou Village, Taoshan Town, Ruian City.
In 1985, Ruian Bishan Guiyan Village excavated a bluestone material of the remnant of the stele, Qing Guangxu four years (1878) Xusheng Chen Jianlong and others re-erected, the stele is “Yang Tai Lao Xian Weng Integrity True Monarch Blessing the Holy King Xingshi”. The inscription says to him: “Tang Zhenguan Jiachen year (eighteenth year) was born on the twenty-fourth day of May, Weng’s surname is Yang, he is Jingyi, he lives in Angu, and he is also from Changfenxi Village. Mrs. Ge was trained, and her sons Guozheng, Guotian, Guoxin, Guoshun, Guomeng, Guoyong, Guogang, Guoqiang, Guolong, Guofeng, and daughter-in-law were ten rooms…… There were fifty-two children and grandchildren. In the year of his own (the second year of the general chapter), Weng Dezhong was the second class jinshi, and in the year of Ding Chou (the second year of Yifeng), he was officially named the generalissimo of the governor and the □□□□. In the year of Jiashen (the second year of the heir saint), the second class jinshi in the experience of the three sons of the country, and the official was named the governor of Yanghu; Yang Si, Yang Ba, and Yang Jiu were all marshals…… Weng resigned at the age of 65. The original ancestral mountain is called Beishan, Weng Nai created a temple, the number is Songgu □□, the □□ field is more than 100 acres returned to the temple, in order to make incense lamps to worship the Buddhas, sit and meditate in the North Mountain, Weng Shou is one hundred and eight years old, once the house is lifted and soars, □ ascend to heaven. Since his death, Weng has not dispersed, and his morality has always been clear. Ye Qizheng of the Ministry of Rites and Chen Tian□ of the Ministry of Household were named Tailao Xian Weng Zhengzhen Jun in the year of the □ Dynasty, the lady of the Ge clan, and the ten kings were named the local landlords of Changfen. ”
In addition, according to the stele of the “Beishan Yangfu Temple Relocation and Construction Chronicle” that was erected in the ancestral temple of Yangfu Mountain in Lucheng District in 1990, he “Xuanzong Tianbao ten years (751), pulled out the house and ascended, and the corpse was dissected with Lingyan. The seventh son of the Gong, Guogang, inherited his father’s will and lived in seclusion in Baiyun Cave of Taoshan in Ruian. After the Tao was completed, he came with his father across the crane and Yaoyi, and recruited his brothers into the immortal register.”
These records show that Yang Jingyi himself was a martial artist, and he was officially named the generalissimo of the governor. The ten sons are from Sandengshi, and they are the second generation of Jinshi of father and son. Similar records are also found in the Chronicles of Wenzhou Prefecture, Pingyang County, and Yueqing County. According to legend, in the first year of Tang Baoying (762), Yuan Chao rioted, trapped Shangrao, Mingzhou (now Ningbo), and directly invaded Dongjiazhou (Wenzhou), when the county seat was captured, Yang Gong appeared that night, the bandits were frightened, the army was in turmoil, abandoned the city and fled,.On the way, Yuan Chao was killed, and Shangrao and Mingzhou were recovered at the same time. Ye Qizheng of the Ministry of Rites and Rites, Chen Tianyou of the Ministry of Household Affairs and other joint chapters played the deeds of the Yang father and son to the Son of Heaven. In the first year of Zong Guangde of the Tang Dynasty (763), he was named the prince of Tailao Xian Weng Zhengzhi Zhenjun and the landlord of Chang Fen, Ge Shi was the lady of the county, and the ten sons were the kings of the ten caves. In the second year of Tang Wenzong’s opening (837), Wang Tianjin was born, and Huang Wenzheng was afraid that it would be lost for a long time, so he set up a monument to chronicle it. Therefore, it has the reputation of “father and son are all Taoist, and brothers are ten holes of tin seal”.
Later emperors were endless. In the first year of Chunhua (990), Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty was named Shengtong Wenwu De Liliang Hengfu Xianying Zhenjun, and during the Tianqi period of Ming Xizong, he was named the Virtuous Salvation Immortal.
Sacrifices are numerous
By the Ming Dynasty, the Yangfu Temple had been extensive. Legend has it that in the autumn of the ugly year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1553), the pirates colluded with the Japanese to invade the territory, harassed the people in all directions, and shook Wenzhou. At the critical moment, a sudden hurricane broke out, the turbid waves emptied, and the ship broke up, but all the officers and men returned home. Yuan Zuzhong slept at night, and when he saw the man in the robe, he said: “The war is dangerous, and I can’t help you.” Yuan hurriedly asked and replied, “Give Beishan Fude Zhenjun also.” ”
Yuan Xingran was shocked, and hurriedly asked left and right, and said that there was a Song Fu Zhenjun Temple in the north of Jiudu Mountain in Yongjia County, and Yuan immediately led the scribes to worship it. Seeing the image of the god is like seeing it in a dream. But because of the disrepair for a long time, the temple corridor is ruined, and it is felt that it blesses the virtue of destroying Yikou, so it is rebuilt with the public, and after the completion of the text, the Qing Guangxu “Yongjia County Chronicles” contains “the inscription of the Yangfu Temple in the north mountain of the Song Dynasty, and the inscription of the deputy envoy Yuan Gong according to the Ming Dynasty”.
The comprehensive revival of Yang Mansion’s beliefs and customs was still during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in the Qing Dynasty, when the people believed that he was safe and secure, and the local gentlemen and officials in Wenzhou continued to sort out materials and present a plaque to the imperial court through officials at all levels, requesting that Yang Mansion be canonized. And the sacrifice of Yang Mansion was also written into the official history for the first time. “Qing History Manuscript” chronicles fifty-nine years: “Wenzhou worships Tang Yang Jingyi. ”
In the fourth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1854), Qu Zhenhan of Yueqing led the crowd to attack the county, and the officers and soldiers did not dare to be the enemy. In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), He Guiqing, the governor of Zhejiang, was invited to be the Marquis of Protector of the Country, and the Yang Mansion (Taoshan Yang Guogang Retreat) was named the Fubao Holy Temple, which was later renamed the Yangfu Holy Temple. In the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), Ma Xinyi, the governor of Zhejiang, re-invited, was ordered to add the title of “Fuyou Hou Wang”, and the prefect of Wenzhou, Dai Pan, set up a monument to remember his affairs, and the monument was placed on the side of the Yangfu Temple in Haitan Mountain in the urban area.
The origin of the name of Yangfu Mountain
Although the influence of Yang Mansion’s beliefs and customs is not as great as that of Mazu, Yang Mansion’s shrine is very dense. According to preliminary statistics, there are 340 Taoist palaces in the Wenruitang River Basin, of which 23 are dedicated to Yang Fuye. Longwan District, Yongzhong Street, Xiawan Village Huang.There is a Beishan Palace at the foot of the stone mountain, commonly known as the Yangfu Temple of Beishan, the worship is the Yang Mansion Lord, the incense is vigorous, and it is famous far and near. In Yongjiachang, Yang Fuye is known as the palace master of Yongchang. According to the old man, in the old days, on the eighteenth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the dragon boats of Yongjiachang were concentrated in the river in front of the temple to “fight the dragon”, which also had the meaning of sacrificing Yang Fuye, which gradually fell into disuse after the 50s.
Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty built Yangfu Temple at the north foot of Qu’ao (Quyu Mountain) in Wenzhou Jiudu during the Duanping period, called Beishan Yangfu Temple, the incense was very prosperous in the old days, and over time, Quyu Mountain is now called Yangfu Mountain. Article 428 of the Ming Dynasty’s “Qihai Trivia” records: “The Great Temple of Yangfu in Beishan is in Quao, the capital of Jiudu. There are ten sons next to the temple, and they are called Xianggong in the first line, and each has a spouse and wife. Whoever is concerned about the partnership and has no reason to expose the secret things will curse the gods in order to learn from them. Whoever travels far and wide, fishes across the sea, and who dies of infantile illness and sickness, will pray to the gods for protection. Women die of sudden illness, and those who are ripe and chaff are all blamed by God. It is rumored that every spring and summer, to the sea of fish, the rain is sunny, it is said that the gods are sunbathing. ”
It is precisely because Yang Fuye has many folk legends that benefit the people, and his status in the minds of the people is the same as that of Mazu. And the belief and customs of Yang Mansion are three hundred years earlier than the beliefs and customs of Mazu. As a relic of marine culture, Yangfuye’s beliefs and customs have become the spiritual sustenance of fishermen in the coastal areas of southern Zhejiang, like Mazu.