Before the two sessions this year, Ma Xiaolin, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and president of the Henan Museum, focused his attention on the protection of archaeological land and the protection and utilization of cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation. After doing a detailed and in-depth investigation, Ma Xiaolin told reporters that he submitted a proposal on “further strengthening the protection of archaeological land” and “on strengthening the protection and utilization of cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation” during the two sessions, hoping to contribute to strengthening the protection of archaeological land and the protection and utilization of cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation.
According to Ma Xiaolin, in November 2021, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued the “Notice on Regulating the Management of Temporary Land”, which clarified that the application for temporary land use, the temporary use of land contract, the project construction basis document, the land reclamation plan report form, land ownership materials, survey and demarcation materials, photos of the current land use status and other necessary materials should be provided.
Ma Xiaolin learned through research that in several provinces across the country, active archaeological excavations and rescue archaeological excavations have also been included in the management of temporary land, and archaeological excavations need to pay land compensation, cultivated land occupation tax, land reclamation fees, land survey fees and land reclamation program preparation fees for temporary land use procedures. Among them, only the land compensation fee can be solved through the “land occupation compensation fee” channel in the “Measures for the Management of Archaeological Survey, Exploration and Excavation Budget Quotas”, and the other four subject fees are not guaranteed.
For example, Ma Xiaolin said that the Shaanxi Baling site now needs to pay about 6,000 yuan for land survey and survey, about 100,000 yuan for the preparation of land reclamation plans, and about 600,000 yuan for land reclamation. The area where the site of Shandong Gangshang is located belongs to the first-class area of comprehensive land price, and in accordance with the relevant regulations of the local government, the attachment and green seedlings should be compensated according to the standard of 40,000 yuan/mu.
“These requirements have brought great difficulties to the archaeological excavation work, and the procedures for temporary land use occupy a lot of time, which seriously affects the progress of archaeological excavation, and is not conducive to carrying out follow-up data collation and research work, and the cost of temporary land use is nowhere to be paid, and the original insufficient archaeological excavation funds are difficult to bear the cost of applying for temporary land.” Ma Xiaolin said.
To this end, Ma Xiaolin suggested that relevant departments should jointly promote the rationalization of the management mechanism of archaeological land. The Outline of the National Territorial and Spatial Planning (2021-2035) clearly proposes to explore the multiple values of immovable cultural relics resources, ensure the reasonable space needs of national archaeological site parks, and promote the integrated development of cultural relics protection and utilization with agriculture, ecology and urban functions. The Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage on Strengthening the Protection and Management of Historical and Cultural Heritage in the Preparation and Implementation of Land and Spatial Planning stipulate that the competent departments of natural resources in various regions shall ensure the reasonable land use needs of major historical and cultural heritage protection and utilization projects such as the construction of national archaeological site parks.
Ma Xiaolin emphasized that the amount of land used for archaeological excavations is small and periodic.Short, no strong impact on the land, no chemical interference, and large highways, railway station facilities temporary land is not the same, the excavation area is very easy to meet the reclamation standard after backfilling, there is no need to implement archaeological temporary land control. It is suggested that relevant departments should carry out investigation and research to effectively ensure the demand for land for archaeological excavation.
“At the same time, strengthen guidance for local natural resources authorities.” Ma Xiaolin added that the important role of archaeological work in the protection of historical and cultural heritage and the nature of public welfare should be taken into account, and the requirements for temporary land use management should be reduced and optimized, and temporary land use procedures will no longer be mandatory for archaeological excavation projects. The local cultural relics department and the natural resources department shall establish a coordination mechanism to guide the archaeological excavation units to carry out the archaeological excavation work normally after filing the temporary land with the local natural resources department before implementing the archaeological project, and the local natural resources department shall strengthen supervision through the law enforcement of health films.
In the proposal of “Strengthening the Protection and Utilization of Cultural Relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation”, Ma Xiaolin learned from the investigation that the relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation registered in the country are distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia four provinces (regions), with a total of 602 places, and 44 museums and memorial halls with the theme of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation. Three sites of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, including the site of the secret camp of the Third Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation in Chaoyang Mountain, have been successively announced as national key cultural relics protection units, and six memorial facilities of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, including the martyrdom of General Yang Jingyu, have been included in the list of national anti-Japanese war memorial facilities and sites. Nine former revolutionary sites and memorial venues of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, including the Liaoning Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation Historical Exhibition Hall, were named as national patriotism education demonstration bases. In 2020, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army Area was listed as the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization areas, covering 84 counties and municipalities in four provinces (regions), strengthening the overall protection of the revolutionary cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army.
“The revolutionary cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation have witnessed the heroic and tenacious and indomitable history of the Northeast people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, carry the great spirit of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, and have important historical value.” Ma Xiaolin said.
Ma Xiaolin introduced that during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, under the guidance of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the relevant provinces and regions implemented a total of 30 protection and display projects for the revolutionary sites of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, and promoted and demonstrated the protection and utilization of important Northeast Anti-Japanese Union sites. In 2017, Jilin Province launched the “Three-Year Plan for the Protection of the Old Site of the Anti-Japanese Federation”, implemented the archaeological investigation and excavation project of the Laohei River site, Heilongjiang Province carried out a special survey of the relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation in 2020, Liaoning Province implemented a number of rescue and protection projects and preventive protection projects for cultural relics in the collection, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region actively raised funds to improve the display and exhibition level of the Hulunbuir Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation Memorial Hall.
“However, there are still some problems in the protection and utilization of cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation.” Ma Xiaolin said, first, it is difficult to protect and utilize, and the cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation are widely distributed, and most of them are in the deep mountains and dense forests.It is difficult to protect the display. Second, the support at the national level is insufficient, the overall planning is insufficient, and the local financial resources are limited, so there are great difficulties in the promotion of protection and utilization. Third, historical research and value mining are not in place, the social education function is not fully played, and the social influence of the spirit of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation is not strong.
Ma Xiaolin suggested that the revolutionary cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation should be included in the major projects for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics. At the national level, organize the preparation of an overall plan for the protection and utilization of the revolutionary cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, establish a cross-provincial cooperation mechanism, and coordinate and promote the protection and utilization of the relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation. The central government has increased special support to promote the investigation and identification of the sites of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, approved and announced important cultural relics as cultural relics protection units at all levels in accordance with the law, and organized and implemented a number of centralized and continuous protection and overall display projects to ensure that the sites of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation are properly protected.
“In order to better protect it, we should also strengthen the collection and research of relics and historical materials of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation.” Ma Xiaolin said that the cultural relics departments of the four provinces (autonomous regions) should jointly carry out the identification and collection of the relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation scattered among the people, strengthen the collection and sorting of physical historical materials, documents and archives and oral materials, and pay attention to standardizing the collection, scientifically recording and ensuring quality. Support relevant universities and scientific research institutions to cultivate key talents and research teams for the research of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, and deepen academic research.
“At the same time, we will further give full play to the educational function of the revolutionary cultural relics of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, and rely on the former revolutionary sites and museums of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation to carry out publicity and education activities in various forms, rich in content and with a sense of participation, so as to cultivate the patriotic feelings of young people and continue the red blood.” Ma Xiaolin proposed to promote the “Internet + Anti-United Nations Culture”, make good use of digital and networked display methods, launch themed film and television works and short videos, and carry forward the spirit of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation.
(Li Rui)