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Aerial view of Hemudu National Archaeological Site Park.
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Simulation of Hemudu people’s life scene.
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of Hemudu culture.
At the turn of spring and summer in 1973, a new drainage station was built in Hemudu village, Luojiang commune, Yuyao, and a large number of animal bones and black pottery pieces were accidentally dug up from the ground. After two excavations, an amazing archaeological discovery emerged, which strongly proved that the Yangtze River basin, like the Yellow River basin, is the cradle of Chinese civilization.
The ornamentation of the morning sun with two birds, pottery with livestock patterns, ivory carving, carbonized rice, and dry-column architecture all indicate that there was a splendid human culture on the bank of Yaojiang River 7000 years ago. The discovery of Hemudu opened the dawn of Jiangnan civilization, which is a milestone in the archaeological history of China.
For a long time, Hemudu culture has won many honors for the local area. In 2001, Hemudu Site was awarded “100 Archaeological Discoveries in China in the 20th Century”; At the end of last year, Hemudu National Archaeological Site Park was successfully established, giving the first “generous gift” for the 50th anniversary.
Half a century apart, how can we commemorate Hemudu? How will Hemudu Archaeological Site Park be built? A few days ago, the reporter learned from Ningbo Cultural Heritage Management Research Institute.
From Hemudu Site to Archaeological Park
In fact, the discovery of Hemudu began in the 1950s, but people knew little about the primitive culture in Zhejiang at that time, and it was not easy for cultural departments to get information in time.
The discovery in 1973 was inevitable by accident. Luo Chunhua, then deputy director of the Revolutionary Committee of Luojiang Commune, woke up first. Looking at the black pottery pieces and animal bones that were “turned over” with the soil, words related to “cultural relics” and “history” suddenly flashed through his mind.
Luo Chunhua asked the workers to stop digging and contacted Yuyao Cultural Center. As it happens, Wang Shilun of Zhejiang Cultural Relics Management Committee was working near Yuyao at that time, and immediately rushed to the scene after learning the news.
Wang Shilun, Wang Jiying, Lao Bomin, Fu Chuanren, Wei Feng, Mou Yongkang, Mei Fugen … They are the first generation of cultural relics and archaeologists in Zhejiang after the founding of New China, and they bumped into human childhood in their ignorance and exploration.
It is recalled that archaeologists uncovered the rice relics in the interlayer like paper towels and found wooden buildings skillfully using mortise and tenon technology. Because of the success of the first excavation, in 1977 Hemudu started the second archaeology.
In addition to making amazing discoveries, the more important significance of Hemudu archaeology lies in tempering and cultivating a team of cultural relics. Some of them returned to the countryside and became local amateur librarians. Someone entered the cultural and cultural unit and became the backbone of the business. The experience of participating in the excavation of Hemudu site has become a valuable experience that cannot be copied in their lives.
Limited by the cognition of the times, after the regional exhibition of unearthed cultural relics was completed in Yuyao, the related work was weak. Hemudu really entered the orderly protection in 1986. With that attention of the superior department,.From the demolition of the whole village, the delineation of “two lines” (delineation of the scope of protection, delineation of the construction control zone), the preparation of development plans to the construction of a new site museum, it began to enter the scientific track, and from then on, step by step.
In May 1993, Hemudu Site Museum was completed. In June 1999, the Hemudu site excavation site exhibition area was opened. At the same time, the sites around Hemudu, such as Jiejia Mountain, Ying Mountain, Tianluo Mountain and Fujiashan, are also alive.
Together with more than 80 similar sites in Ningbo and even eastern Zhejiang, they form a dotted Hemudu cultural map, constantly enriching and enriching people’s understanding of Hemudu cultural connotation. A cosmic star-shaped cluster of ancient sites has come into being, which is also the basis and origin of Hemudu’s construction of a national archaeological site park today.
Hemudu Cultural Ecological Park will be available.
From the existing planning, Hemudu National Archaeological Site Park is located in Yaojiang Valley between Siming Mountain and Cuiping Mountain, including hills, plains, rivers, swamps, rice fields, woodlands, ancient villages and other diverse natural and human landscape environments. Among them, Hemudu area, the core area, is surrounded by southeast hills, with vast northwest plains, Yaojiang River flowing through it, rich lakes and swamps, and villages scattered in the fields, showing a prehistoric cultural grand occasion in the southeast coastal wetland and swamp environment.
In addition to Hemudu site, Tianluo Mountain, Ying Mountain and Jingtoushan site are also included in the protection scope of large sites, which together with Hemudu form a comprehensive cultural landscape.
In the future, Hemudu Archaeological Site Park will be divided into four areas: Hemudu area, which mainly reproduces the social form of rice farming six or seven thousand years ago; The exhibition area of settlement archaeology and rice farming archaeology in Tianluo Mountain mainly presents the settlement in the middle Neolithic period, and the earliest land of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River. Mount Yun shows the authentic natural environment; The interpretation theme of Jingtoushan area is to trace back to Chinese marine civilization. This site, which is more than 1000 years earlier than Hemudu, is also the direct ancestor of Hemudu culture.
On December 29th, 2022, National Cultural Heritage Administration announced the list of the fourth batch of national archaeological sites parks, and Hemudu Archaeological Sites Park was approved to be established, which indicated that the protection, management and utilization of Hemudu culture entered a new stage of development.
According to the information of Hemudu Archaeological Site Park Management Center, at present, an important plan for the site park is to build a Hemudu primitive ecological park in the north of Hemudu Site Museum by using the natural environment of lakes and swamps. In the planning, this piece covers a total area of 48..1 hectare of land is also called the starting area of Hemudu Archaeological Site Park-the exhibition area of ancient and modern natural environment.
Among them, the exhibition area of settlement form covers an area of 2..2 hectares, pointing to the outdoor exhibition area next to the museum, including the surface simulation exhibition area of wooden buildings, wells and other relics discovered in the first and second archaeological excavations, and the restoration exhibition area of dry-column buildings, have been opened to the public. The remaining 45.The Hemudu Cultural and Ecological Park, covering 9 hectares, has been closed for conservation since 2003, and now it has its original features.
In 2022, Hemudu Cultural and Ecological Park completed the planning and design, which is roughly divided into several functional blocks, such as remains distribution exhibition area, paleogeography and paleoclimate exhibition area, swamp landscape exhibition area, lake landscape exhibition area, ancient plant exhibition area, aquatic plant collection area, ancient animal exhibition area and boat experience area, which will provide a new window for the public to approach Hemudu people’s daily life.
Experience “Hemudu People’s Day”
In recent years, with the deepening of the “Chinese Civilization Sourcing Project”, China’s museums and archaeological sites parks have been vigorously developed. Subsequently, the better display and interpretation of archaeological sites has become a topic in front of people.
Archaeological sites are more on-site and professional than comprehensive museums. It can be said that it is the core of archaeological site park construction to closely follow the connotation of the site, superimpose different means and reveal the different connotation levels of the site step by step.
The Hemudu Cultural Ecological Park, planned on the basis of Hemudu Site Museum, aims to reproduce the living environment of Hemudu people 7000 years ago, simulate the way of human existence at that time, and bring visitors an intuitive feeling of “being there”.
In 7000 years, the climate and environment have changed greatly. In order to avoid misreading historical information, Hemudu Cultural Ecological Park will strive to convey the value connotation of archaeological sites as accurately as possible while maintaining the existing natural landscape environment.
According to the design, the whole ancient and modern natural environment exhibition area presents a hierarchical structure of “settlement-paddy field-pond”. The four exhibition areas of “Civilized Appearance”, “Rice from Ancient Times”, “Life in Hemudu Times” and “Residents after 7,000 years” will try their best to restore the environmental pattern in Hemudu culture period and explain the changes of the relationship between man and land in Yaojiang Valley from four aspects: cultural outlook, prehistoric rice cultivation, ancient natural environment and modern natural environment.
After the completion, tourists will have the opportunity to experience “Hemudu People’s Day”, participate in “Water Race”, camp, watch birds and fish, return to the tropical life scene and interact with “the creatures of Hemudu era”. By then, “Hemudu” will also become a more real and sensible term, which will be presented to the world. Reporter Gu Jiayi
This edition of pictures is provided by Ningbo Cultural Heritage Management Research Institute and Hemudu Archaeological Site Park Management Center.