Shaoxing has a history of more than 2,500 years and is one of the first national historical and cultural cities.
On February 28th this year, Sheng Yuechun, secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, made a work report at the ninth Party Congress, proposing to continuously optimize the functions of the ancient city, restore the landscape, protect and utilize cultural relics, and create conditions to start the application for the ancient city’s heritage.
On March 30th this year, Shi Huifang, acting mayor, made a government work report at the First Session of the Ninth Municipal People’s Congress, and proposed to actively promote the application for the ancient city’s heritage and polish the “golden business card” of the famous historical and cultural city, the cultural capital of East Asia and Jishan Jianshui.
Starting the application for the ancient city heritage has become a major decision-making arrangement of the municipal party Committee and government, and it is also becoming an expectation of the people of the city.
Apply for the Heritage of the Ancient City, Do a Good Job in Kuaijishan Articles
Zhang yanxing
The application for the heritage of the ancient city must involve one mountain and one water. The water is Gujian Lake and the mountain is Huiji Mountain.
The narration of Shaoxing government records in Wanli’s Shaoxing government records says: “Shaoxing is the ruins of Goujian in ancient Yue, and the county of origin in the East China Sea originated from the princes of Yuhui, and it has been hanging for thousands of years!” In 490 BC, in order to defeat Qiang Wu, Gou Jian moved the capital to the “land of four reaches” in the north of Huiji Mountain. People living in the city with Fushan as the center, because of Dayu, hold various sacrifices in Huiji Mountain every year. The legend about Dayu in Huiji Mountain places the life of Yue people in an order with ultimate significance, and Huiji Mountain is the spiritual sustenance of the ancient city.
As the source of the ancient Yue spirit, Dayu had a great influence on the culture of the ancient city through three images.
First of all, the image of Dayu with a hand in his hand. “Gang” is an agricultural production tool for digging, penetrating and cultivating soil, while “Gang” refers to an appliance made of wood and bamboo for collecting garbage, grain, etc. Holding Gang, Dayu has the spiritual characteristics of farming culture: serving the people first, being of great significance, crossing the house for flood control and not entering; Worried, windy and rainy, determined and self-reliant, simple and pragmatic peasant style.
The image of Dayu in hand has built the background of the spirit of the ancient city, and the ancestors of the ancient city have further carried forward the spirit of Dayu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Central Plains competed for the deer, and the sword held by Dayu gradually became the sword in Gou Jian’s hand, which opened the source of Shaoxing sword culture. This is a sword culture that contains the spirit of revenge, martial arts, and self-improvement. The sword in Guyue is a symbol of the life force of revenge and survival. With the changes of the times, the pole held by Dayu became a pen again, and the ancestors of Vietnam associated the image of Dayu with the search for books. “Yuejueshu” Volume Yakumo: “Those who repeat it are also filled with state soil and morality. Yu is beautiful and tells the truth. I know when I am old, and I will apply for it in the year, and I will ask for a book, and I will be a white horse. ” This paper describes the story of Dayu looking for books at the foot of the mountain of Fu (Huiji), which shows that the book culture in Yuejueshu (generally believed to be in the Eastern Han Dynasty) has begun to sprout. Although Yue Jue Shu did not mention the specific content of the book that Dayu was looking for, it was for the future..The explanations of the contents of books by Confucianism and Taoism provided imagination space, and the stream of Shaoxing’s book culture began.
The application for the heritage of the ancient city is inseparable from a mountain and a water. Water creates the temperament of the ancient city, and mountains inspire the spirit of the ancient city. Dayu on Huiji Mountain is the spiritual source of the ancient city, and there is a meaningful echo between Fushan Mountain and Huiji Mountain.
(The author is a librarian of Shaoxing Literature and History Research Institute and a professor of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences.)
What does Shaoxing take to declare the world heritage?
Ren guiquan
Over the years, “what Shaoxing takes to apply for the World Heritage” has been highly concerned by people of insight from all walks of life. Some people advocate the application of the ancient mirror lake, the ancient canal and the ancient bridge group, and more people focus on the application of the ancient city Shaoxing. Obviously, each has its own reasons. If we can focus on the ancient city, the reasons will be more sufficient. Because the ancient mirror lake, the ancient canal and the ancient bridge group are all organic parts of the ancient city of Shaoxing, binding the application for heritage will make the application for heritage of the ancient city richer in connotation, more distinctive in advantages, stronger in personality and more unique in value.
Bundling the application for World Heritage must take the ancient city as the core and start from three levels: the ancient capital of Yue, the landscape city and the oriental water city:
one.Planning of the Ancient Capital of Yue State —— Focus on revealing the planning thought of the ancient capital. Including the idea of urban site selection, the principle of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, the ritual system of Xicheng Dongguo, the spatial pattern of building a city to defend the monarch and build a country, and the planning concept of harmony between man and nature. More than 2,500 years ago, there was such a scientific, reasonable, systematic and advanced urban planning idea, which was really rare.
Two.Landscape city pattern-focusing on the urban environment. Shaoxing has provided an excellent urban environment for the ancient city since it was built: the macro pattern-Jishan, Jingshui and Yuedu; Mesoscopic pattern-three mountains, two towers and seven strings of water; Micro-pattern-small bridge, flowing water, people. Wang Anshi’s “the mountains are evergreen and the water is white, and the people grow up in a country with mountains and rivers” depicts the ancient city of Shaoxing, which is a perfect combination of natural environment and artificial environment, and is unique.
three.Oriental Watertown Style —— Focus on reflecting the personality of Watertown. Shuicheng is a product of the combination of natural river and artificial river, which was formed in the late Tang Dynasty. Main features: First, there are two water networks inside and outside the city, and the communication between the water channels inside and outside the city is realized through six water gates; Second, there are two moats inside and outside the city, and the inner moat is designed to communicate with water traffic; Third, there are two transportation systems in the city, land and water, which are unique.
It is imperative to build Jinghu Lake in the upper reaches of the ancient city, and the ancient canal passes through the city. There are 33 rivers and 229 bridges in the city, which will closely integrate Jinghu Lake, canal and ancient bridge with the ancient city of Shaoxing and bind them to apply for the World Heritage. Of course, the declaration with the ancient city as the core should also include urban evolution, cultural accumulation, historical heritage, local customs, urban spirit and so on.
(The author is the deputy director of Shaoxing Literature and History Research Institute and the editor-in-chief of Shaoxing City Records.)
Focus and display the gold business cards of the ancient city.
Qiu zhirong
The application for the heritage of Shaoxing ancient city is the dream expectation of Shaoxing people, with a long way to go and a bright future.
First, grasp the core positioning. On February 8, 1982, Shaoxing was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China. Its core elements are: the capital of Yueguo, the former residence of celebrities and the scenic city of Jiangnan water town. The first thing to focus on and display in the application for the heritage of Shaoxing ancient city is these three characteristic gold business cards.
Second, the combination of the ground and the underground. Historically, the surface cultural relics and historic sites of Shaoxing ancient city should be everywhere, but with the evolution of history, many heritages have been damaged or destroyed. First of all, Shaoxing, as the “Oriental Water City”, should learn from the advanced experience at home and abroad and restore the historical backbone waterways, such as the landmark Fuhe River should be determined to get through, and the main roads in the eastern Zhejiang Canal City should be restored. Secondly, although historical remains such as the ruins of the capital city of Yue State and the ancient city walls are invisible on the surface, professional archaeology can make these buildings reproduce their value and original works.
Third, the combination of the city and the city. Of course, Shaoxing’s historical and cultural heritage and value are the main ones in the ancient city, but the historical remains such as the Tomb of Dayu, Lanting, and Songliu Mausoleum outside the city are also the important content support for the application of the ancient city.
Fourth, the combination of government and society. Of course, the application for the heritage of the ancient city depends on administrative guidance and promotion. However, it is also crucial to give full play to the power of society to form a consensus and gather advantages. For example, there are many well-known experts and scholars working in other places in Shaoxing, which have great energy and influence, and their advocacy and appeal will form a great impetus.
5. Combination of research and protection. The application for the heritage of Shaoxing ancient city needs a solid basic research on the core value and authenticity of history and culture, so that its achievements can be recognized at home and abroad; Applying for World Heritage is the goal, but the more important purpose is to protect, inherit and make good use of the history and culture of Shaoxing ancient city.
(The author is a librarian of Shaoxing Literature and History Research Institute and president of Shaoxing Jianhu Research Institute.)
Inheritance and innovation: the ancient city is also a slow city
Luxitang
Shaoxing is the first in China announced by the State Council..One of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities, its protection and construction, inheritance and innovation have made remarkable achievements in the past 40 years.
Under the new situation, Shaoxing ancient city should have a clear goal and orientation for its development direction. It is suggested that individualized and differentiated development should be carried out in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration to create an “international cultural and leisure slow city”, so as to fully form the urban positioning of “China’s historic city, East Asian cultural capital and international leisure slow city”.
International slow city is the product of post-industrial society, and it is also the symbol of the integration of material, spiritual and ecological civilization. It is a new mode of urban leisure and a new platform in the era of consumption. Nostalgic culture, leisure and entertainment, quality life and green environmental protection are the connotations of an international slow city. As the “trinity” of an ancient city, a famous city and a water city, “Old Shaoxing” is extremely rare in China, and its characteristic connotation of “being the most drunk in the south of the Yangtze River” is precisely a unique cultural leisure resource.
The ancient city of Shaoxing has developed into an “international cultural and leisure slow city” with personalized and differentiated conditions. On the one hand, at present, China’s tourism industry has been transformed and upgraded from sightseeing to leisure and holiday tourism, and the era of non-scenic spots is coming. A city’s public environment, citizens’ lifestyle, and even consumption places and events may become “net red spots” and “punching places” to attract foreign tourists; On the other hand, Shaoxing’s location advantage, abundant resources and urban energy level determine that it is just the right time to act as a “meeting room”, “back garden” and “healthy place” in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.
Building an “international cultural and leisure slow city” requires top-level design and key breakthroughs. We should persistently build an “international cultural and leisure slow city” with the concept that “the city is a landscape and the landscape is a city” and “give the ancient city to the people of the world”. We should reorganize and enliven several existing moat leisure water streets and revive Jiefang Road commercial leisure street with high quality, reflecting “cultural flavor” and “international norms”, so as to organically promote the prosperity of eight historical blocks in series as a hub. We should make an overall plan to revitalize the old Taimen resources with considerable scale and personality characteristics in Shaoxing ancient city, and enrich the leisure products of the ancient city such as cultural and creative shops, cultural teahouses, Kangyang post stations and small-scale special exhibition halls, so as to create a “China Yue culture residential group” that can retain tourists. We should take the opening of the subway in parallel with Hangzhou as an opportunity, take the subway economic business circle as the core, and focus on six themes, such as night tour, night food, night shopping, night entertainment, night show and night reading, to prosper and develop the city’s night leisure economy, so that the ancient city of Shaoxing can really light up, live up and heat up.
(The author is the president of Shaoxing Yue Culture Research Association)
Viewing the application for the legacy of the ancient city from the perspective of “cultural landscape”
Liu mengda
To apply for the heritage of Shaoxing ancient city, we should explore a unique new path, focus on amplifying our own unique advantages, and find a breakthrough point that others can’t copy, instead of blindly copying other similar projects (including successful applications). In my opinion, the introduction of “cultural landscape”.Reading is of great benefit to boosting the application of the ancient city.
At present, four famous historical and cultural cities (urban areas) that have successfully applied for the World Heritage in China all have their incomparable “bright spots”. For example, the cultural characteristics of more than ten ethnic minorities living in Old Town of Lijiang, such as Tibetan, Bai and Naxi; Pingyao ancient city truly shows the shape of ancient Han ancient city, which is the epitome of Ming and Qing society; Quanzhou is the world marine business center of China in Song, Yuan and Yuan Dynasties. The historic district of Macau is the oldest western-style architectural heritage in China. It is a collision of eastern and western architectural arts and a coexistence of religious culture. In contrast, the unique advantage of Shaoxing ancient city is nothing but its unique cultural landscape. The so-called cultural landscape refers to the landscape that people consciously superimpose cultural characteristics on the basis of natural landscape. It is a complex of cultural phenomena that integrates natural scenery, field villages, historical sites, places of interest, cultural protection units, religious shrines, folk customs and other elements.
The ancient city of Shaoxing is a cultural landscape that blends time and space and is outstanding. It is built on the basis of the physical culture of Jishan Jianshui. The city site remains unchanged and the context is continuous, and it is always permeated with the iterative evolution and rich spiritual connotation with the spirit of bravery and sword as the core. Shaoxing ancient city has produced and preserved a series of cultural heritages in the history of more than 2,500 years. Among them, the cultural heritage sites supported by more than ten state-level cultural protection units and their related environments outline a historical and cultural picture of Shaoxing in a multi-dimensional and panoramic way. There are at least three elements in the ancient city of Shaoxing that are difficult to be copied elsewhere, namely, natural features (Jishan Jianshui), spatial characteristics (one city, one bridge and three hometowns) and landscape pattern (one surrounding three mountains). The “Ten Scenes of Crossing the State” recorded by Zhang Dai, a writer in Ming Dynasty, in “Sailing at Night” (Qin Wang watching the sea, watching the snow on the furnace peak, repairing the pavilion in Lanting, exploring the strange caves in Yu, learning to dance in Tucheng, sweeping the moon in Jinghu Lake, looking at the clouds on strange mountains, roaring mountains and marble, bamboo cutting (rafting) in Yunmen and autumn waves in Tangzha) are the most concise and accurate cultural landscapes of Shaoxing ancient city. To this end, Shaoxing ancient city should spare no effort to seize the cultural landscape.
(The author is the deputy director of Shaoxing Literature and History Research Institute and the second-level inspector of the Party School of Shaoxing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China)
Become a “living ancient city”
Tu jianhong
Shaoxing, a famous historical and cultural city, is a precious historical and cultural heritage, which belongs not only to Shaoxing, but also to China and the whole world. It is of great significance to declare the ancient city as a world cultural heritage, which is conducive to better protecting and utilizing the ancient city, polishing its golden business card and creating a new cultural highland. The application for the heritage of Shaoxing ancient city requires the whole city to form a consensus, focus on the goal and do a good job of implementation. Make a reasonable schedule and find a scientific path to apply for the world heritage. At the same time, we should pay attention to two aspects of protection:
The first is to protect the ancient city as a whole. Shaoxing is the capital of Yue State in the Spring and Autumn Period. After more than 2,500 years, it has not only the same geographical location, but also the ancient and modern city..The location is consistent, and the city functions continue to play, which is rare in the history of cities at home and abroad. The long history has left Shaoxing with rich cultural relics, especially the pattern of Yueguo ancient city in the Spring and Autumn Period and Shuicheng in the Song Dynasty, which is an important cultural heritage of Shaoxing ancient city and a unique advantage of Shaoxing ancient city’s application for world heritage, which is difficult for other cities to replicate. Therefore, we should protect Shaoxing ancient city as a whole according to the standards of world cultural heritage, protect all kinds of cultural relics and historical buildings with awe, repair the shape and style of the city with embroidery, and gradually restore the navigation function of traditional rivers such as canals and Fuhe rivers in the city. Pay attention to archaeological excavations and the protection of historical sites, and highlight the ancient city civilization with historical facts.
The second is to protect the ancient city alive. Let the ancient city become a “living ancient city”, which we must pay attention to in the application for the ancient city. To this end, we should inject more vitality into this city. It is necessary to rationally lay out and optimize the functions of the ancient city. By improving the infrastructure and transforming the living environment, the people can fully enjoy the dividends brought by the protection of the ancient city and have a real sense of happiness and gain. It is necessary to create a broader space for young people to create and make more young people willing to stay. At the same time, in the active protection of the ancient city, I think it is very important to protect the aborigines. As the saying goes, thousands of miles have different winds and hundreds of miles have different customs. The local customs and customs are accumulated by generations of aborigines through long-term living habits, and they are a kind of regional culture. We should inherit and protect them well.
(The author is a librarian of Shaoxing Literature and History Research Institute and the former director of Shaoxing Urban Construction Archives.)
Let historical context link quality life
Yin Zhengwei
The protection and utilization of the ancient city under the guidance of the application for World Heritage should start with the deep excavation of the ancient city’s profound history and culture, build a defense line of style and texture protection, do a good job of connecting dots into lines and connecting pieces, guide the way of activation, transformation and utilization, innovate the form of expression and display, and link quality life. Combined with the present, we should do the following three aspects:
one.Keeping the historical context and improving the quality of urban life
Relevant departments in the urban areas are making solid efforts to promote the protection and utilization of the ancient city, but overall, the concept of the protection and utilization of the ancient city needs to be improved, and the work still needs to be deepened and refined. In general, the ancient city should be carefully demolished, with less demolition and retention of “fireworks”, paying attention to “embroidery” darning to promote the style and quality of the ancient city, and taking good care of the glory of “Jiangnan Watertown Scenery City”.
Protect and utilize important cultural relics and buildings according to the principle of “repairing the old as before”; Adopt traditional technology to repair and protect the main body of historical buildings, and implement internal applicability transformation; On the premise of following the overall style and texture, the traditional residential areas are organically updated by the way of “leaving and demolishing” according to the actual functional requirements.
Two.Promoting travel with literature and telling the story of Shaoxing ancient city well
The first is to expand the tourism format with heritage protection. The ancient city insists on taking culture as the soul and tourism as the carrier, taking the road of agglomeration development, characteristic development and differentiation development, relying on the beautiful landscape, living environment and historical and cultural relics of the ancient city (water system, streets, ancient bridges, taimen, etc.), integrating rich cultural relics, celebrity culture and intangible cultural heritage into the tourism industry chain, innovating and promoting the cross-border integration of “culture+”and “tourism+”,and vigorously developing.
The second is to actively promote the ancient city of Shaoxing to go out. Combining the different contents and characteristics of the cultural connotation of the ancient city, it carries out multi-level and multi-channel communication; Use popular lectures, film and television media, online publicity, cultural seminars, and the establishment of cultural signs to expand local and national influence.
three.Digital empowerment, innovation protection and utilization
Using digital technology to empower the protection and utilization of ancient cities conforms to the development needs and future trends of ancient city protection and utilization, and is conducive to further excavation, combing, recording and display of ancient city cultural heritage.
(The author is the director of Shaoxing historical and cultural city protection service center)