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Comparison before and after transformation. Fenggong map
Big chimneys, cooling towers, conveyor belts, coal yards, these scenes are difficult to associate with “museums” at first glance.
Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has paid increasing attention to the discovery and reuse of the value of industrial relics. Among the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units announced in 2019, there are many industrial heritages including the early buildings of Anshan Iron and Steel Plant.
Shougang ski jumping platform, which attracted global attention in Beijing Winter Olympics, also took the towering chimney and cooling tower as the background, and its unique industrial features became a “landscape” that attracted more and more attention in the integration of cultural, tourism and sports industries.
This year’s “5.18 International Museum Day”, Fenghua Museum (hereinafter referred to as “Fengbo”), which was transformed from a thermal power plant, won the highest level award in the national museum exhibition field. According to expert evaluation, Fengbo won this award, which is a victory of industrial heritage transformation.
On the occasion of this year’s Cultural and Natural Heritage Day, the reporter once again walked into Fengbo, and under the leadership of curator Grace Wai Wong, got a close look at many details of the “transformation” museum of the thermal power plant.
The first thing in the transformation is to “pick up garbage”
Fenghua Museum is located in the cultural center of Fenghua City, and it takes about 40 minutes by bus from the south square of Ningbo Railway Station. Besides museums, urban cultural centers include Fenghua Cultural Center, Library and Xinhua Bookstore. The rest of the buildings are newly built, only the museum, mainly using the old buildings left by the thermal power plant.
“This used to be a coal yard, and a large amount of coal needed by thermal power plants was piled up here. In order to avoid the tide, this place also has its own roof. ” Grace Wai Wong introduced that after the renovation, the original beam frame, pillars and ceiling were retained here, and a big staircase for tourists to rest was placed, so that citizens could enjoy the cool under the shed.
As for the most conspicuous coal conveying belt in the site, “We originally wanted to make an elevator and transport tourists to the highest level like coal to form a special experience. Later, considering the safety factors and the design of the exhibition line, the stairs were made. After visiting the museum, you can walk down the stairs … “
There are also cooling towers and cooling pools. The places where black smoke and sewage were discharged in those days are now as clean as new.
“Fengbo’s site selection and transformation ideas are greatly influenced by decision makers.” Grace Wai Wong said that the thermal power plant once located in the golden area of Fenghua was like a scar of the city. “In 2015, the district committee and government decided to build people’s livelihood projects in the best plots and share the most beautiful scenery with the citizens. This decision still seems courageous and prescient today.”
Grace Wai Wong remembers that when he arrived at the abandoned factory site, the first thing he did was to “pick up garbage” with his colleagues, picking up discarded payslips, bonus books, all kinds of signs and house numbers that suggested safe production. “We think these things will be useful in the future, because they are memories belonging to thermal power plants.”
Sure enough, after the renovation of the museum was completed, Grace Wai Wong invited the employees of the thermal power plant to visit their homes. “They were very excited. I didn’t expect these old objects to be preserved. These things also witnessed the youth of the workers.”
Choose between aesthetics and “science” and make the most organic design.
In Grace Wai Wong’s office, she showed a number of precious drawings to reporters. “In order to have a high starting point, we invited the Wang Shu team of China Academy of Fine Arts to do the renovation design for us. They put forward many ideas and ideas from the aesthetic point of view. However, do they consider aesthetics or the safety of cultural relics? In the process, the two sides had a lot of arguments. “
A large transparent workshop with a floor height of 28 meters is the gospel of designers. “The team of the Academy of Fine Arts once conceived to make a huge plant wall at the entrance of the exhibition hall to dilute the reinforced concrete feeling of the industrial plant; I also want to plant two big trees that go straight to the roof indoors to create an ecological recycling space. After careful consideration, we gave up these designs. “
Grace Wai Wong said that for museums, the safety of cultural relics is the first priority. “Behind the green plants are ancient cultural relics thousands of years ago. In case of plant leakage, the consequences will be unimaginable.”
Before becoming the curator of the museum, Grace Wai Wong worked in the field of cultural relics and archaeology in Fenghua for 30 years, knowing the types and storage of local cultural relics. What she envisions is that “the cultural relics that she takes care of all her life can be presented safely and perfectly in a good space”. This idea runs through the whole process of Fengbo transformation.
“Very lucky, during the years of construction, Fenghua successively excavated several heavy prehistoric sites, including Xiawangdu Site and Hejia Site, and these newly discovered contents were organically added to the exhibition line.” Grace Wai Wong said, “In particular, the archaeological site of Xiawangdu site was’ migrated’ to the exhibition hall, and the earthen platforms, wells and tombs that were well preserved in archaeology were migrated to the museum for display, which is the first in Ningbo.”
After Feng Bo won the prize, more people went to visit. “There are people from Jiangbei, Beilun, Yuyao and Ninghai, and some districts and counties want to build museums and make an appointment to learn from them. Thank you very much for your attention, and I hope you can give us more opinions and build the museum better together. ” Grace Wai Wong said. Reporter Gu Jiayi